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Explore axSpA clinical manifestations in the hall of statues

Get to know the clinical manifestations

  • Sacroiliitis and spondylitis
  • Extra-musculoskeletal
  • Peripheral articular

Important distinctions are emerging about which cytokines contribute to various clinical manifestations

Gaze upon the Gallery of Cytokines

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Burden of disease

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Clinical features

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  1. van den Berg R, de Hooge M, van Gaalen F, et al. Percentage of patients with spondyloarthritis in patients referred because of chronic back pain and performance of classification criteria: experience from the spondyloarthritis caught early (SPACE) cohort. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52(8):1492-1499. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ket164
  2. Sieper J, Braun J, Dougados M, et al. Axial spondyloarthritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1:15013
  3. Garg N, van den Bosch F, Deodhar A. The concept of spondyloarthritis: where are we now? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2014;28(5):663–672. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2014.10.007
  4. de Winter JJ, van Mens LJ, van der Heijde D, et al. Prevalence of peripheral and extra-articular disease in ankylosing spondylitis versus non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a meta-analysis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016;18(1):196. doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1093-z
  5. Roche D, Badard M, Boyer L, et al. Incidence of anterior uveitis in patients with axial spondyloarthritis treated with anti-TNF or anti-IL17A: a systematic review, a pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arthritis Res Ther. 2021;23(1):192.
  6. Guly CM, Forrester JV. Investigation and management of uveitis. BMJ. 2010;341:c4976. Published 2010. doi:10.1136/bmj.c4976
  7. Rademacher J, Poddubnyy D, Pleyer U. Uveitis in spondyloarthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2020;12:1759720X20951733. Published 2020. doi:10.1177/
  8. van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, van Bentum RE, Verbraak FD, et al. Reduction of anterior uveitis flares in patients with axial spondyloarthritis on certolizumab pegol treatment: final 2-year results from the multicenter phase IV C-VIEW study. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2021;13:1759720X211003803.
  9. Meier K, Schloegl A, Poddubnyy D, Ghoreschi K. Skin manifestations in spondyloarthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2020;12:1759720X20975915. Published 2020. doi:10.1177/1759720X20975915
  10. Benavent D, Plasencia-Rodríguez C, Franco-Gómez K, et al. Axial spondyloarthritis and axial psoriatic arthritis: similar or different disease spectrum? Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2020;12:1–8. doi: 10.1177/1759720X20971889.
  11. Fragoulis GE, Liava C, Daoussis D, et al. Inflammatory bowel diseases and spondyloarthropathies: From pathogenesis to treatment. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(18):2162-2176. doi:10.3748/wjg.v25.i18.2162
  12. CDC. What is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)? - inflammatory bowel disease - division of Population Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ibd/what-is-IBD.htm. Page last reviewed: April 13, 2022. Accessed October 19, 2022
  13. López-Medina C, Molto A, Sieper J, et al. Prevalence and distribution of peripheral musculoskeletal manifestations in spondyloarthritis including psoriatic arthritis: results of the worldwide, cross-sectional ASAS-PerSpA study. RMD Open. 2021;7(1):e001450. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001450
  14. Mease PJ, Liu M, Rebello S, et al. Characterization of patients with axial spondyloarthritis by enthesitis presence: data from the Corrona Psoriatic Arthritis/Spondyloarthritis Registry. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2020;7:449-456.
  15. López-Medina C, Dougados M, Ruyssen-Witrand A, et al. Evaluation of concomitant peripheral arthritis in patients with recent onset axial spondyloarthritis: 5-year results from the DESIR cohort. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21(1):139. Published 2019. doi:10.1186/s13075-019-1927-6